ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'Crypto' in Python

ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'Crypto' in Python #

The Python "ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'Crypto'" occurs when we forget to install the pycryptodome module before importing it or install it in an incorrect environment. To solve the error, install the module by running the pip install pycryptodome command.

Open your terminal in your project's root directory and install the pycryptodome module.

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# 👇️ in a virtual environment or using Python 2
pip install pycryptodome

# 👇️ for python 3 (could also be pip3.10 depending on your version)
pip3 install pycryptodome

# 👇️ if you get permissions error
sudo pip3 install pycryptodome
pip install pycryptodome --user

# 👇️ if you don't have pip in your PATH environment variable
python -m pip install pycryptodome

# 👇️ for python 3 (could also be pip3.10 depending on your version)
python3 -m pip install pycryptodome

# 👇️ using py alias (Windows)
py -m pip install pycryptodome

# 👇️ for Anaconda
conda install -c conda-forge pycryptodome

# 👇️ for Jupyter Notebook
!pip install pycryptodome

After you install the pycryptodome package, try importing it as follows.

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from Crypto.Cipher import AES

from Crypto.Random import get_random_bytes

data = b'secret data'

key = get_random_bytes(16)
cipher = AES.new(key, AES.MODE_EAX)
ciphertext, tag = cipher.encrypt_and_digest(data)

file_out = open("encrypted.bin", "wb")
[file_out.write(x) for x in (cipher.nonce, tag, ciphertext)]
file_out.close()

The Python error "ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'Crypto'" occurs for multiple reasons:

1. Not having the pycryptodome package installed by running pip install pycryptodome.
2. Installing the package in a different Python version than the one you're using.
3. Installing the package globally and not in your virtual environment.
4. Your IDE running an incorrect version of Python.
5. Naming your module crypto.py which would shadow the official module.
6. Declaring a variable named Crypto which would shadow the imported variable.

If the error persists, get your Python version and make sure you are installing the package using the correct Python version.

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python --version

For example, my Python version is 3.10.4, so I would install the pycryptodome package with pip3.10 install pycryptodome.

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pip3.10 install pycryptodome

# 👇️ if you get permissions error use pip3 (NOT pip3.X)
sudo pip3 install pycryptodome

Notice that the version number corresponds to the version of pip I'm using.

If the PATH for pip is not set up on your machine, replace pip with python3 -m pip:

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# 👇️ make sure to use your version of Python, e.g. 3.10
python3 -m pip install pycryptodome

If the "No module named 'Crypto'" error persists, try restarting your IDE and development server/script.

You can check if you have the pycryptodome package installed by running the pip show pycryptodome command.

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# 👇️ check if you have pycryptodome installed
pip3 show pycryptodome

# 👇️ if you don't have pip set up in PATH
python3 -m pip show pycryptodome

The pip show pycryptodome command will either state that the package is not installed or show a bunch of information about the package, including the location where the package is installed.

If the package is not installed, make sure your IDE is using the correct version of Python.

For example, In VSCode, you can press CTRL + Shift + P or (⌘ + Shift + P on Mac) to open the command palette.

Then type "Python select interpreter" in the field.

Then select the correct python version from the dropdown menu.

If you are using a virtual environment, make sure you are installing pycryptodome in your virtual environment and not globally.

You can try creating a virtual environment if you don't already have one.

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# 👇️ use correct version of Python when creating VENV
python3 -m venv venv

# 👇️ activate on Unix or MacOS
source venv/bin/activate

# 👇️ activate on Windows (cmd.exe)
venv\Scripts\activate.bat

# 👇️ activate on Windows (PowerShell)
venv\Scripts\Activate.ps1

# 👇️ install pycryptodome in virtual environment
pip install pycryptodome

If the python3 -m venv venv command doesn't work, try the following 2 commands:

• python -m venv venv
• py -m venv venv

Your virtual environment will use the version of Python that was used to create it.

You also shouldn't be declaring a variable named Crypto as that would also shadow the original module.

If the error is not resolved, try to uninstall the pycryptodome package and then install it.

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# 👇️ check if you have pycryptodome installed
pip3 show pycryptodome

# 👇️ if you don't have pip set up in PATH
python3 -m pip show pycryptodome

# 👇️ uninstall pycryptodome
pip3 uninstall pycryptodome

# 👇️ if you don't have pip set up in PATH
python3 -m pip uninstall pycryptodome

# 👇️ install pycryptodome
pip3 install pycryptodome

# 👇️ if you don't have pip set up in PATH
python3 -m pip install pycryptodome

Try restarting your IDE and development server/script.

You can also try to upgrade the version of the pycryptodome package.

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pip3 install pycryptodome --upgrade

# 👇️ if you don't have pip set up in PATH
python3 -m pip install pycryptodome --upgrade

This one is for using virtual environments (VENV) on Windows:

This one is for using virtual environments (VENV) on MacOS and Linux:

Conclusion #

The Python "ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'Crypto'" occurs when we forget to install the pycryptodome module before importing it or install it in an incorrect environment. To solve the error, install the module by running the pip install pycryptodome command.