Failed building wheel for X when using pip install [Solved]

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Borislav Hadzhiev

Last updated: Apr 9, 2024
17 min

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# Table of Contents

  1. Failed building wheel for X when using pip install
  2. Failed building wheel for psycopg2
  3. Failed building wheel for h5py
  4. Failed building wheel for grpcio
  5. Failed building wheel for Pillow
  6. Failed building wheel for uwsgi
  7. Failed building wheel for mysqlclient
  8. Failed building wheel for wordcloud
  9. Failed building wheel for llvmlite
  10. Failed building wheel for torch

# Failed building wheel for X when using pip install

The error "Failed building wheel for X" occurs for multiple reasons:

  1. Not having the wheel package installed in the environment.
  2. Having installed packages that clash with the package we are trying to install.
  3. Having a Python version that isn't supported by the package we're trying to install.
shell
  Failed building wheel for <package-name>
  Running setup.py clean for <package-name>
Failed to build <package-name>
Installing collected packages: <package-name>
  Running setup.py install for <package-name> ... done
Successfully installed <package-name>

Open your terminal and run the following command to install wheel.

shell
pip install wheel
pip3 install wheel

# 👇️ If you don't have pip in your PATH environment variable
python -m pip install wheel
python3 -m pip install wheel
py -m pip install wheel

install wheel using pip

You should also upgrade your version of pip.

Here are the commands for upgrading pip on all operating systems.

Which command works depends on your operating system and your version of Python.
shell
# 👇️ If you have pip already installed
pip install --upgrade pip

# 👇️ If your pip is aliased as pip3 (Python 3)
pip3 install --upgrade pip

# 👇️ If you don't have pip in your PATH environment variable
python -m pip install --upgrade pip

# 👇️ If you don't have pip in your PATH environment variable
python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip

# 👇️ If you have easy_install
easy_install --upgrade pip

# 👇️ If you get a permissions error
sudo easy_install --upgrade pip

# 👇️ If you get a permissions error when upgrading pip
pip install --upgrade pip --user

# 👇️ Upgrade pip scoped to the current user (if you get a permissions error)
python -m pip install --user --upgrade pip
python3 -m pip install --user --upgrade pip

# 👇️ Installing directly from get-pip.py (MacOS and Linux)
curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py | python

# 👇️ If you get permissions issues
curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py | sudo python

# 👇️ Alternative for Ubuntu/Debian
sudo apt-get update && apt-get upgrade python-pip

# 👇️ Alternative for Red Hat / CentOS / Fedora
sudo yum install epel-release
sudo yum install python-pip
sudo yum update python-pip

install pip with upgrade flag

After you upgrade pip, upgrade setuptools as well.

shell
pip install --upgrade setuptools
pip3 install --upgrade setuptools

# 👇️ If you don't have pip in your PATH environment variable
python -m pip install --upgrade setuptools
python3 -m pip install --upgrade setuptools

install setuptools with upgrade flag

After you install wheel and upgrade pip and setuptools, you should be able to run the pip install command without getting any errors.

shell
pip install requests
pip3 install requests

python -m pip install requests
python3 -m pip install requests

If that didn't help, try to run the pip install command with the --upgrade option.

shell
pip install requests --upgrade
pip3 install requests --upgrade

python -m pip install requests --upgrade
python3 -m pip install requests --upgrade

use upgrade flag

If the error is not resolved, try installing the package with the --no-cache-dir option to disable the cache.

shell
pip install requests --no-cache-dir
pip3 install requests --no-cache-dir

use no cache dir flag when installing

If that didn't help, use the --pre option to include pre-release and development versions of the package.

shell
pip install requests --pre
pip3 install requests --pre

python -m pip install requests --pre
python3 -m pip install requests --pre

use pre flag when installing

The --pre option makes it so pip includes pre-release and development versions of the package. By default pip only finds stable versions.

This sometimes helps because a pre-release version of the package might have a wheel available for your version of Python.

If the error is not resolved, try running the pip install command with the --no-use-pep517 option.

shell
pip install --no-use-pep517 requests
pip3 install --no-use-pep517 requests

python -m pip install --no-use-pep517 requests
python3 -m pip install --no-use-pep517 requests

use no use pep517 flag

If the error is not resolved, download the wheel package from the pypi page of wheel by clicking on the .whl file under "Built Distribution".

Once you download the file, open your terminal in the folder where the .whl file is located and install it.

shell
pip install wheel-0.37.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
pip3 install wheel-0.37.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl

python -m pip install wheel-0.37.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
python3 -m pip install wheel-0.37.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl

Make sure to specify the correct name of the .whl file as your version will likely be different.

install wheel from source

Once you install the wheel package, the error will be resolved.

If the error is not resolved, try installing the package with the --no-cache-dir option to disable the cache.

shell
pip install <package-name> --no-cache-dir
pip3 install <package-name> --no-cache-dir

# Create a virtual environment

If that didn't help, try creating a virtual environment.

  1. Create a virtual environment.
  2. Activate the virtual environment.
  3. Run the pip install command with the virtual environment active.
shell
# 👇️ Use the correct version of Python when creating VENV
python3 -m venv venv

# 👇️ Activate on Unix or MacOS
source venv/bin/activate

# 👇️ Activate on Windows (cmd.exe)
venv\Scripts\activate.bat

# 👇️ Activate on Windows (PowerShell)
venv\Scripts\Activate.ps1

# 👇️ Upgrade pip
pip install --upgrade pip

# 👇️ Install the specific package in the virtual environment
pip install requests

If you get an error when running the python3 -m venv venv command, try the following commands:

  • python -m venv venv
  • py -m venv venv

Make sure to use the correct command to activate your virtual environment depending on your operating system and your shell.

Your virtual environment will use the version of Python that was used to create it.

# Check if your Python version is supported by the package

You can check your Python version with the python --version command.

shell
python --version

Google for the name of the package and check if your Python version is supported by the package.

For example, if I google "requests pypi" and click on the pypi.org page, I can see the supported Python versions in the sidebar on the left, under Meta > Requires.

supported python versions by package

The screenshot shows that the package supports Python 3.7+.

If your Python version doesn't meet the requirements, the error occurs.

You can also check if the package supports your version of Python in the Download files section of the package's pypi page.

For example, cp310 in the name of a file under "Built Distributions" means Python version 3.10 is supported for the specific operating system.

If the .whl files are not available for your version of Python, try running the pip install command with the --pre option.

shell
pip install requests --pre
pip3 install requests --pre

python -m pip install requests --pre
python3 -m pip install requests --pre
py -m pip install requests --pre
Make sure to replace requests with the name of the actual package you are trying to install.

The --pre option makes it so pip includes pre-release and development versions of the package. By default pip only finds stable versions.

If that doesn't work, you have to install a Python version that is in the specified range and then run the pip install <package_name> command.

You can upgrade your Python version by downloading the installer from the official python.org website and running it.

Make sure to tick the following options if you get prompted:

  • Install launcher for all users (recommended)
  • Add Python to PATH (this adds Python to your PATH environment variable)

You can download a specific Python version that is supported by the package if the package doesn't support the latest Python version.

Different versions are available in the "Looking for a specific release" table.

install specific python version

# Try running pip install in verbose mode

If none of the suggestions helped, try running the pip install command in verbose mode.

shell
pip install requests -vvv

pip3 install requests -vvv

python -m pip install requests -vvv

The -v option stands for verbose mode and can be used up to 3 times.

When the pip install command is run in verbose mode, the command shows more output and how the error occurred.

To solve the error "Failed building wheel for X", make sure:

  1. You have the wheel package installed by running pip install wheel.
  2. You don't have any packages that clash with the package you're trying to install.
  3. Your version of Python is supported by the package.

# Here are some examples of packages that cause the error

Some packages require you to have certain prerequisites installed before you can run the pip install command.

Here are the most common packages that cause the error.

# Table of Contents

  1. Failed building wheel for psycopg2
  2. Failed building wheel for h5py
  3. Failed building wheel for grpcio
  4. Failed building wheel for Pillow
  5. Failed building wheel for uwsgi
  6. Failed building wheel for mysqlclient
  7. Failed building wheel for wordcloud
  8. Failed building wheel for llvmlite
  9. Failed building wheel for torch

# Failed building wheel for psycopg2 error in Python

The error "Failed building wheel for psycopg2" error occurs for multiple reasons:

  1. Having an outdated version of pip, setuptools or wheel.
  2. Having a Python version that isn't supported by psycopg2-binary.
  3. Having installed packages that clash with the psycopg2-binary module.
shell
Failed building wheel for psycopg2
Running setup.py clean for psycopg2
Failed to build psycopg2

To solve the error, make sure:

  1. You don't have an outdated version of pip, setuptools or wheel.
  2. You don't have a Python version that is outside the version range supported by psycopg2-binary.

First, if you are on Debian (Ubuntu), make sure you have all the requirements of psycopg2-binary installed.

shell
sudo apt-get install gcc libpq-dev python3-dev

If you are on macOS, make sure you have openssl installed.

shell
# 👇️ Install openssl
brew install openssl

# 👇️ Add it to your LIBRARY_PATH env variable
export LIBRARY_PATH=$LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib/

The openssl location might be different depending on your operating system, but is most commonly:

  • /usr/local/opt/openssl/lib/
  • /opt/homebrew/opt/openssl/lib

Run the following commands to upgrade pip, setuptools and wheel.

shell
pip install --upgrade pip
pip3 install --upgrade pip

pip install --upgrade setuptools wheel
pip3 install --upgrade setuptools wheel

After updating pip, setuptools and wheel, run the following command to install psycopg2-binary.

shell
# 👇️ first, uninstall psycopg2 first
pip uninstall psycopg2

pip install psycopg2-binary
pip3 install psycopg2-binary

python -m pip install psycopg2-binary
python3 -m pip install psycopg2-binary

# 👇️ For Anaconda
conda install -c conda-forge psycopg2-binary

If the error persists, check if your Python version is supported by psycopg2-binary.

You can check your Python version with the python --version command.

shell
python --version

You can check if a package has wheels available for a specific Python version in the Download files section of the package's pypi page.

For example, cp310 in the name of a file under "Built Distributions" means Python version 3.10 is supported for the specific operating system.

If the .whl files are not available for your version of Python, you can download an older version.

# Failed building wheel for h5py in Python

The error "Failed building wheel for h5py" error occurs for multiple reasons:

  1. Having an outdated version of pip, setuptools or wheel.
  2. Having a Python version that isn't supported by h5py.
  3. Having installed packages that clash with the h5py module.

error failed building wheel for h5py

shell
ERROR: Failed building wheel for h5py
Failed to build h5py
ERROR: Could not build wheels for h5py, which is required to install pyproject.toml-based projects

To solve the error, make sure:

  1. You don't have an outdated version of pip, setuptools or wheel.
  2. You don't have a Python version that is outside the version range supported by h5py.

Run the following commands to upgrade pip, setuptools and wheel.

shell
pip install --upgrade pip
pip3 install --upgrade pip

pip install --upgrade setuptools wheel
pip3 install --upgrade setuptools wheel

After updating pip, setuptools and wheel, run the following command to install h5py.

shell
pip install h5py
pip3 install h5py

python -m pip install h5py
python3 -m pip install h5py

# 👇️ For Anaconda
conda install -c conda-forge h5py

The error is sometimes caused when the package you are trying to install doesn't have available wheels for your version of Python.

You can check your Python version with the python --version command.

shell
python --version

You can check if a package has wheels available for a specific Python version in the Download files section of the package's pypi page.

For example, cp310 in the name of a file under "Built Distributions" means Python version 3.10 is supported for the specific operating system.

If the .whl files are not available for your version of Python, you can download an older version.

# Failed building wheel for grpcio error in Python

The error "Failed building wheel for grpcio" error occurs for multiple reasons:

  1. Having an outdated version of pip, setuptools or wheel.
  2. Having a Python version that isn't supported by grpcio.
  3. Having installed packages that clash with the grpcio module.
shell
Failed building wheel for grpcio
Running setup.py clean for grpcio
Failed to build grpcio
If you are on macOS, try setting the GRPC_PYTHON_BUILD_SYSTEM_OPENSSL and GRPC_PYTHON_BUILD_SYSTEM_ZLIB variables to 1 or true before installing grpcio.
shell
export GRPC_PYTHON_BUILD_SYSTEM_OPENSSL=1
export GRPC_PYTHON_BUILD_SYSTEM_ZLIB=1

pip install grpcio

# 👇️ If you use Anaconda
conda install -c conda-forge grpcio

To solve the error, make sure:

  1. You don't have an outdated version of pip, setuptools or wheel.
  2. You don't have a Python version that is outside the version range supported by grpcio.

Run the following commands to upgrade pip, setuptools and wheel.

shell
pip install --upgrade pip
pip3 install --upgrade pip

pip install --upgrade setuptools wheel
pip3 install --upgrade setuptools wheel

After updating pip, setuptools and wheel, run the following command to install grpcio.

shell
pip install grpcio
pip3 install grpcio

python -m pip install grpcio
python3 -m pip install grpcio

# 👇️ For Anaconda
conda install -c conda-forge grpcio

The error is sometimes caused when the package you are trying to install doesn't have available wheels for your version of Python.

You can check your Python version with the python --version command.

shell
python --version

You can check if a package has wheels available for a specific Python version in the Download files section of the package's pypi page.

For example, cp310 in the name of a file under "Built Distributions" means Python version 3.10 is supported for the specific operating system.

If the .whl files are not available for your version of Python, you can download an older version.

# Failed building wheel for Pillow error in Python

The error "Failed building wheel for Pillow" error occurs for multiple reasons:

  1. Having an outdated version of pip, setuptools or wheel.
  2. Having a Python version that isn't supported by Pillow.
  3. Having installed packages that clash with the Pillow module.
shell
Failed building wheel for Pillow
Running setup.py clean for Pillow
Failed to build Pillow

First, if you are on Debian (Ubuntu), make sure you have all the requirements of Pillow installed.

shell
sudo apt-get install libjpeg-dev zlib1g-dev

To solve the error, make sure:

  1. You don't have an outdated version of pip, setuptools or wheel.
  2. You don't have a Python version that is outside the version range supported by Pillow.

Run the following commands to upgrade pip, setuptools and wheel.

shell
pip install --upgrade pip
pip3 install --upgrade pip

pip install --upgrade setuptools wheel
pip3 install --upgrade setuptools wheel

After updating pip, setuptools and wheel, run the following command to install Pillow.

shell
pip install Pillow
pip3 install Pillow

python -m pip install Pillow
python3 -m pip install Pillow

# 👇️ For Anaconda
conda install -c anaconda pillow

The error is sometimes caused when the package you are trying to install doesn't have available wheels for your version of Python.

You can check your Python version with the python --version command.

shell
python --version

You can check if a package has wheels available for a specific Python version in the Download files section of the package's pypi page.

For example, cp310 in the name of a file under "Built Distributions" means Python version 3.10 is supported for the specific operating system.

If the .whl files are not available for your version of Python, you can download an older version.

# Failed building wheel for uwsgi error in Python

To solve the error "Failed building wheel for uwsgi", run the pip install --upgrade pip command to upgrade your pip version, install the prerequisites and rerun the pip install uWSGI command.

shell
Failed building wheel for uwsgi
Running setup.py clean for uwsgi
Failed to build uwsgi
error: legacy-install-failure

First, make sure to install gcc and python3-dev if you are on Linux.

shell
# 👇️ For Debian (Ubuntu)
sudo apt-get install gcc python3-dev build-essential

# 👇️ For RedHad / CentOS
sudo yum install gcc python3-devel

# 👇️ For Alpine Linux
apk add gcc libc-dev

Run the following commands to upgrade pip, setuptools and wheel.

shell
pip install --upgrade pip
pip3 install --upgrade pip

pip install --upgrade setuptools wheel
pip3 install --upgrade setuptools wheel

After updating pip, setuptools and wheel, run the following command to install uwsgi.

shell
pip install uWSGI
pip3 install uWSGI

python -m pip install uWSGI
python3 -m pip install uWSGI

# 👇️ For Anaconda
conda install -c conda-forge uwsgi

# Failed building wheel for mysqlclient in Python

The error "Failed building wheel for mysqlclient" error occurs for multiple reasons:

  1. Having an outdated version of pip, setuptools or wheel.
  2. Having a Python version that isn't supported by mysqlclient.
  3. Having installed packages that clash with the mysqlclient module.

error failed building wheel for mysqlclient

shell
Failed building wheel for mysqlclient
Running setup.py clean for mysqlclient
Failed to build mysqlclient
error: legacy-install-failure

First, if you are on macOS or Linux, install the prerequisites.

shell
# 👇️ For macOS
brew install mysql
pip install mysqlclient

# 👇️ For Debian/Ubuntu
sudo apt-get install python3-dev default-libmysqlclient-dev build-essential
pip install mysqlclient

# 👇️ For Red Hat/CentOS
sudo yum install python3-devel mysql-devel
pip install mysqlclient

# 👇️ For Anaconda
conda install -c conda-forge mysqlclient

# 👇️ For Jupyter Notebook
!pip install mysqlclient

The mysqlclient module is a fork of the unmaintained MySQL-python package and adds support for Python 3.

To solve the error, make sure:

  1. You don't have an outdated version of pip, setuptools or wheel.
  2. You don't have a Python version that is outside the version range supported by mysqlclient.

Run the following commands to upgrade pip, setuptools and wheel.

shell
pip install --upgrade pip
pip3 install --upgrade pip

pip install --upgrade setuptools wheel
pip3 install --upgrade setuptools wheel

After updating pip, setuptools and wheel, run the following command to install mysqlclient.

shell
pip install mysqlclient
pip3 install mysqlclient

python -m pip install mysqlclient
python3 -m pip install mysqlclient

# 👇️ For Anaconda
conda install -c conda-forge mysqlclient

The error is sometimes caused when the package you are trying to install doesn't have available wheels for your version of Python.

You can check your Python version with the python --version command.

shell
python --version

You can check if a package has wheels available for a specific Python version in the Download files section of the package's pypi page.

For example, cp310 in the name of a file under "Built Distributions" means Python version 3.10 is supported for the specific operating system.

If the .whl files are not available for your version of Python, you can download an older version.

If the error persists, follow the instructions in my ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'ConfigParser' article.

# Failed building wheel for wordcloud in Python

The error "Failed building wheel for wordcloud" error occurs for multiple reasons:

  1. Having an outdated version of pip, setuptools or wheel.
  2. Having a Python version that isn't supported by wordcloud.
  3. Having installed packages that clash with the wordcloud module.

error failed building wheel for wordcloud

shell
Failed building wheel for wordcloud
Running setup.py clean for wordcloud
Failed to build wordcloud
error: legacy-install-failure

To solve the error, make sure:

  1. You don't have an outdated version of pip, setuptools or wheel.
  2. You don't have a Python version that is outside the version range supported by wordcloud.

Run the following commands to upgrade pip, setuptools and wheel.

shell
pip install --upgrade pip
pip3 install --upgrade pip

pip install --upgrade setuptools wheel
pip3 install --upgrade setuptools wheel

After updating pip, setuptools and wheel, run the following command to install wordcloud.

shell
pip install wordcloud
pip3 install wordcloud

python -m pip install wordcloud
python3 -m pip install wordcloud

# 👇️ For Anaconda
conda install -c conda-forge wordcloud

If you are on Windows, you can also download a suitable .whl file from the https://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/ website.

First, get your Python version and check if your Python installation is 64-bit or 32-bit.

You can do that by opening CMD and typing python.

get python version and bits

For example, the screenshot shows that my Python version is 3.10 and my Python interpreter is 64-bit.

Now, click on the https://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/ link, press CTRL + f and search for wordcloud or click the following link.

Download the corresponding .whl file. For example, I would download the following file.

shell
wordcloud‑1.8.1‑cp310‑cp310‑win_amd64.whl
The cp310 part is the version (Python 3.10) and amd64 means 64-bit.

Once you download the file, open your shell in the directory where the file is located (e.g. C:\Users\Example\Downloads) and install it using pip:

  1. Open the directory that contains the file in Explorer.
  2. Press Shift and right-click in Explorer.

windows open powershell window here

  1. Click on "Open PowerShell window here".
  2. Run the following command.
shell
pip install wordcloud‑1.8.1‑cp310‑cp310‑win_amd64.whl
pip3 install wordcloud‑1.8.1‑cp310‑cp310‑win_amd64.whl

Make sure to specify the name of the .whl file correctly as your Python version will likely be different.

# Failed building wheel for llvmlite in Python

The error "Failed building wheel for llvmlite" error occurs for multiple reasons:

  1. Having an outdated version of pip, setuptools or wheel.
  2. Having a Python version that isn't supported by llvmlite.
  3. Having installed packages that clash with the llvmlite module.
shell
Failed building wheel for llvmlite
Running setup.py clean for llvmlite
Failed to build llvmlite

Run the following commands to upgrade pip, setuptools and wheel.

shell
pip install --upgrade pip
pip3 install --upgrade pip

pip install --upgrade setuptools wheel
pip3 install --upgrade setuptools wheel

To solve the error, make sure:

  1. You don't have an outdated version of pip, setuptools or wheel.
  2. You don't have a Python version that is outside the version range supported by llvmlite.

The solutions in this article also apply if you're trying to install numba.

After updating pip, setuptools and wheel, run the following command to install llvmlite.

shell
pip install llvmlite
pip3 install llvmlite

python -m pip install llvmlite
python3 -m pip install llvmlite

# 👇️ For Anaconda
conda install -c conda-forge llvmlite

If you are on Windows, you can also download a suitable .whl file from the https://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/ website.

First, get your Python version and check if your Python installation is 64-bit or 32-bit.

You can do that by opening CMD and typing python.

get python version and bits

For example, the screenshot shows that my Python version is 3.10 and my Python interpreter is 64-bit.

Now, click on the https://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/ link, press CTRL + f and search for llvmlite or click the following link.

Download the corresponding .whl file. For example, I would download the following file.

shell
llvmlite‑0.38.1‑cp310‑cp310‑win_amd64.whl
The cp310 part is the version (Python 3.10) and amd64 means 64-bit.

Once you open the file, open your shell in the directory where the file is located (e.g. C:\Users\Example\Downloads) and install it using pip:

  1. Open the directory that contains the file in Explorer.
  2. Press Shift and right-click in Explorer.

windows open powershell window here

  1. Click on "Open PowerShell window here".
  2. Run the following command.
shell
pip install llvmlite‑0.38.1‑cp310‑cp310‑win_amd64.whl
pip3 install llvmlite‑0.38.1‑cp310‑cp310‑win_amd64.whl

Make sure to specify the name of the .whl file correctly as your Python version will likely be different.

If you are trying to install the numba package, you can download its .whl file from the following link and repeat the steps.

# Failed building wheel for torch (PyTorch) in Python

The error "Failed building wheel for torch" error occurs for multiple reasons:

  1. Having an outdated version of pip, setuptools or wheel.
  2. Having a Python version that isn't supported by torch.
  3. Having installed packages that clash with the torch module.
shell
Failed building wheel for torch
Running setup.py clean for torch
Failed to build torch

Run the following commands to upgrade pip, setuptools and wheel.

shell
pip install --upgrade pip
pip3 install --upgrade pip

pip install --upgrade setuptools wheel
pip3 install --upgrade setuptools wheel

To solve the error, make sure:

  1. You don't have an outdated version of pip, setuptools or wheel.
  2. You don't have a Python version that is outside the version range supported by torch.

After updating pip, setuptools and wheel, run the following command to install torch.

shell
pip install torch
pip3 install torch

python -m pip install torch
python3 -m pip install torch

# 👇️ For Anaconda
conda install -c pytorch pytorch

You can also try to construct a suitable installation command from the official docs.

Click on the link, select your operating system and your environment, and copy the command from the "Run this Command" section.

The error is sometimes caused when the package you are trying to install doesn't have available wheels for your version of Python.

You can check your Python version with the python --version command.

shell
python --version

You can check if a package has wheels available for a specific Python version in the Download files section of the package's pypi page.

For example, cp310 in the name of a file under "Built Distributions" means Python version 3.10 is supported for the specific operating system.

If the .whl files are not available for your version of Python, you can download an older version.

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