Split String into Substrings of N characters in JavaScript

Split String into Substrings of N characters #

To split a string into substring on N characters, call the match() method on the string, passing it the following regular expression /.{1, N}g/. The match method will return an array containing substrings with length of N characters.

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const str = 'abcdabcdabcd';

const result = str.match(/.{1,4}/g) || [];

// 👇️ ['abcd', 'abcd', 'abcd']
console.log(result)

The only parameter we passed to the String.match method is a regular expression.

The forward slashes / / mark the beginning and end of the regular expression.

The dot . special character matches any single character.

We used the g (global) flag, because we want to match all occurrences of the regular expression in the string, and not just the first occurrence.

If you need help reading a regular expression, check out this regex cheatsheet by the MDN docs, it has served me well over the years.

If the regex is not found in the string, the match method returns null. This is why we used the logical OR (||) operator to return an empty array instead.

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const str = '';

const result = str.match(/.{1,4}/g) || [];

// 👇️ []
console.log(result);

If the string is not a multiple of N characters long, the last item in the array would have a length of minimum 1, but less than N.

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const str = 'abcdabcdab';

const result = str.match(/.{1,4}/g) || [];

// 👇️ ['abcd', 'abcd', 'ab']
console.log(result);

If you're looking to avoid regular expressions, use a for loop instead.

Split String into Substrings of N characters using for loop #

To split a string into substring on N characters:

1. Use a for loop to iterate over the string every N characters.
2. On each iteration, push a substring of N characters to an array.
3. Return the array containing the substrings.

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function splitToSubstrings(str, n) {
  const arr = [];

  for (let index = 0; index < str.length; index += n) {
    arr.push(str.slice(index, index + n));
  }

  return arr;
}

// 👇️ ['abcd', 'abcd']
console.log(splitToSubstrings('abcdabcd', 4));

We created a reusable function, which takes a string and the length the substrings should have as parameters.

We use a for loop to iterate over the string in increments of N.

On each iteration, we call the String.slice method to get a substring starting at the current index and going up to the index + N.

We passed the following 2 parameters to the slice method:

1. start index - the index of the first character to be included in the string
2. end index - go up to, but not including this index

After the loop has iterated over the string, we return the array of substrings.

This gets us the same result as using the match method, but allows us to avoid using regular expressions.