Check if a Value is a Promise using JavaScript

Check if a Value is a Promise in JavaScript #

To check if a value is promise, check if the type of the value is an object and has a property named then of type function, e.g. typeof p === 'object' && typeof p.then === 'function'. If both conditions return true, the value is a promise.

index.js

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function isPromise(p) {
  if (typeof p === 'object' && typeof p.then === 'function') {
    return true;
  }

  return false;
}

const p1 = new Promise(resolve => {
  resolve(10);
});

console.log(isPromise(p1)); // 👉️ true
console.log(isPromise({})); // 👉️ false

We used the logical AND (&&) operator to chain 2 conditions.

Both conditions have to return a truthy value for the if block to run.

All promises have a type of object, so this is what we check for first.

index.js

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const p1 = new Promise(resolve => {
  resolve(10);
});

console.log(typeof p1); // 👉️ "object"

We then access the then property on the object and check if it has a type of function.

Promises have a .then() and .catch() methods.

This approach is called duck typing. We basically say - "if the value is an object and has these specific properties/methods, then it must be a promise".

This conditional check would fail if someone passed in a plain object with a then property that is a function:

index.js

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function isPromise(p) {
  if (typeof p === 'object' && typeof p.then === 'function') {
    return true;
  }

  return false;
}

console.log(isPromise({then: () => {}})); // 👉️ true

We satisfied both conditions and got a false positive.

To make the solution more robust, you can add a check for the catch method as well.

index.js

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function isPromise(p) {
  if (
    typeof p === 'object' &&
    typeof p.then === 'function' &&
    typeof p.catch === 'function'
  ) {
    return true;
  }

  return false;
}

console.log(isPromise({then: () => {}})); // 👉️ false

We added a condition that checks if the object contains a catch method as well.

The function would return an error if someone passed in a value of null.

index.js

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function isPromise(p) {
  if (
    typeof p === 'object' &&
    typeof p.then === 'function' &&
    typeof p.catch === 'function'
  ) {
    return true;
  }

  return false;
}

// ❌ Error: Cannot read property 'then' of null
console.log(isPromise(null));

Unfortunately, null has a type of object. This is an old bug in JavaScript that has not been fixed for backwards compatibility issues.

index.js

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console.log(typeof null); // 👉️ "object"

We can add a condition that checks if the passed-in value is not null.

index.js

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function isPromise(p) {
  if (
    p !== null &&
    typeof p === 'object' &&
    typeof p.then === 'function' &&
    typeof p.catch === 'function'
  ) {
    return true;
  }

  return false;
}

console.log(isPromise(null)); // 👉️ false

const p1 = new Promise(resolve => {
  resolve(10);
});
console.log(isPromise(p1)); // 👉️ true

Now our solution is a bit more robust. The only way to get a false positive would be to pass an object that contains methods named then() and catch(), but is not an actual promise.

Your use case might not require this over-engineered solution. You might be just fine with checking for an object that has the then method. It's a matter of personal preference how robust you want the solution to be.

Check if a Value is a Promise using JavaScript

Check if a Value is a Promise in JavaScript #

Further Reading #

Borislav Hadzhiev